1. Introduction
Tutorial – Introduction to KPT
At the end of this video, you would be able to explain diffusion as evidence for the random movement of particles and describe the factors affecting speed of diffusion.
Fixed shape?
Fixed volume?
Can be compressed?
Flows easily?
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Are there more states of matter?
Of course! As you go to a higher level and learn more about science, you would come across states of matter such as plasma (fourth state) and Bose–Einstein Condensate (BEC), which is the fifth state of matter.
Solid, liquid, gas and … plasma?
Have you ever seen static electricity cause a spark of light? What is that spark? What about lightning, the Northern Lights, or the tail of a comet? All of those things and many others – in fact, 99.9% of the universe -- are made of plasma. Michael Murillo gives the full picture on plasma.
Non-Newtonian Fluids
A liquid that acts like a solid or a solid that acts like a liquid. You figure it out yourself!
2. The Kinetic Particle Theory of Matter
Tutorial – States of Matter
At the end of this video, you would be able to describe the behaviour of particles in different states of matter.
There's Space Between Molecules!
Mass and energy are conserved, but volume is not. Mixing alcohol and water demonstrates the principle, and the particle model explains it.
Simulation of Particle Movement and Arrangment
Molecular Workbench (MW) is powerful, award-winning software that provides visual, interactive computational experiments for teaching and learning science.
This simulation allows us to study the movement and arrangement of particles in each of the three states of matter.
Are you scientifically literate?
Everyone is familiar with liquid water, ice and water vapour, but what are the differences between these three states of matter? Solids, liquids and vapours of the same substance differ in the motion of the molecules and the distance between them.
Tutorial – Expansion and Contraction
At the end of this video, you would be able to describe the behaviour of particles in different states of matter.
3. Changes of State
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A change in state is caused by a change in motion of the particles. The particles themselves do not change.
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Changes in temperature and pressure can change the states of matter.
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During a change of state, particles gain or lose energy.
Tutorial – Changes in State
At the end of this video, you would be able to describe and explain the behaviour of particles during a change in state.
Does pressure melt ice?
When pressure is applied to ice, its melting point is reduced so it turns to water. When the pressure is removed, however, it turns back into ice. This process is called 'regelation.' Can you think of some real life applications of this concept?
How does salt melt ice?
Winter weather can mean treacherous driving across much of the country. Road crews spread rock salt all over the highways and byways, but why? This week, we break down the chemistry that keeps the roads safe when bad weather hits.
4. Diffusion
Gas exchange in our body
Our sense of smell
Deflation of a helium balloon
Making a cup of tea
Transpiration in plants
Diffusion Dramatization
Diffusion happens around us every day. Think about how diffusion has affected you or someone you know. Take one of your experiences with diffusion and make a 3 or 4 panel colored comic strip about it!
On the right are some hints to get you thinking. You may use these or choose from other experiences in your life!
Test your understanding!
It is impossible for a particle to diffuse from a region of lower to higher concentration.
The atoms or molecules of a liquid will stop moving when the liquid becomes a solid.
Particles of the same state are all moving at the same speed, e.g. in a glass of water, all the water molecules are moving at the same speed.
The molecules of the gas state are the lightest and the molecules of the solid state are the heaviest.
What's WRONG with these statements?
When water boils, the bubbles formed during boiling contain air.
An atom or molecule expands when heated.